Assessment of Power Quality Issues and Mitigation Strategies in Industrial Facilities in Kaduna Industrial Zone

Background: Power quality disturbances including voltage sags, harmonics, and frequency deviations are pervasive in Nigerian industrial zones, causing equipment malfunction, production downtime, and energy waste. Systematic characterisation is a prerequisite for effective mitigation. Aim: This study assessed power quality issues and evaluated mitigation strategies in industrial facilities in the Kaduna Industrial Zone, North West Nigeria. Methods: A three-phase power quality analyser (Fluke 435-II) was deployed at 12 industrial facilities over 30 days. Parameters including total harmonic distortion, voltage sags, swells, transients, and power factor were recorded. IEC 61000-2-2 compatibility limits were used as reference standards. Results: Mean total harmonic distortion of voltage was 8.6%, exceeding the 5% IEC limit at 9 of 12 facilities. Voltage sags below 85% of nominal lasted more than 200 events per facility per month on average. Uninterruptible power supplies and active harmonic filters were the most effective mitigation strategies observed. Conclusion: Power quality in Kaduna Industrial Zone is severely deficient and causes measurable production losses. The study recommends mandatory power quality audits, installation of active harmonic filters, and capacitor bank compensation in affected facilities. Keywords: power quality, harmonics, voltage sags, Kaduna, industrial electronics.