Evaluation of Electronic Noise Sources and Mitigation in High-Precision Analytical Instruments at NAFDAC Laboratories in Lagos

Background: Electronic noise in analytical instruments compromises measurement precision and regulatory compliance at NAFDAC quality control laboratories in Lagos, South West Nigeria. Systematic noise characterisation and mitigation are essential for maintaining analytical integrity. Aim: This study evaluated electronic noise sources and assessed mitigation strategies in high-precision analytical instruments at NAFDAC laboratories, Lagos. Methods: Noise spectral density measurements were conducted on 12 analytical instruments including HPLC detectors, UV-Vis spectrophotometers, and atomic absorption spectrometers using a low-noise preamplifier and digital oscilloscope. Sources of interference were identified through frequency analysis. Common mode and differential mode noise reduction strategies were implemented and evaluated. Results: Dominant noise sources included 50 Hz power line interference (present in 10 of 12 instruments), RF interference from nearby equipment (8 instruments), and ground loop currents (9 instruments). Implementation of star grounding, shielded cables, and LC power line filters reduced baseline noise by 60 to 80% in affected instruments. Measurement coefficient of variation improved from 3.1% to 0.8% in most instruments after mitigation. Conclusion: Electronic noise mitigation substantially improves analytical instrument performance at NAFDAC laboratories. The study recommends systematic noise audits, improved instrument grounding, and shielded laboratory room design for new analytical facilities. Keywords: electronic noise, analytical instruments, NAFDAC, Lagos, measurement precision.