Multi-Physics Simulation of Electromagnetic Induction Heating Systems for Small-Scale Food Processing Industries in South West Nigeria

Background: Induction heating offers energy-efficient and precisely controlled heat for food processing, with potential to displace inefficient biomass and LPG heating in South West Nigerian small-scale food industries. Optimised system design requires multi-physics simulation. Aim: This study performed multi-physics electromagnetic and thermal simulation of induction heating systems optimised for small-scale food processing in South West Nigeria. Methods: COMSOL Multiphysics was used to model electromagnetic induction and coupled heat transfer in an induction heating system for a 20-litre steel cooking vessel. Operating frequencies from 15 to 100 kHz and coil configurations were parametrically optimised. Thermal uniformity, heating rate, and electrical efficiency were evaluated. Experimental validation was performed using a prototype system. Results: Optimised system operating at 30 kHz with a 12-turn spiral coil achieved 92.3% electrical efficiency and heating uniformity of plus or minus 2.1 degrees Celsius across the vessel base. Heating rate of 4.8 degrees Celsius per minute was achieved at 2 kW input. Experimental measurements validated simulation predictions within 5%. Conclusion: Induction heating systems optimised through multi-physics simulation provide high efficiency and precise thermal control suitable for Nigerian food processing. The 30 kHz spiral coil design is recommended for pilot deployment. Keywords: induction heating, multi-physics simulation, COMSOL, food processing, South West Nigeria.