Analysis of Social Work’s Role in Child Protection Systems in Nigeria’s North Central Zone: A Multi-State Comparative Study

Child protection systems in Nigeria's North Central zone are characterised by institutional fragmentation, inadequate professional social work staffing, and gaps between national child rights legislation and local implementation capacity. This study analytically compares child protection system characteristics and social work roles across Benue, Kogi, and Nassarawa States in the North Central geopolitical zone. A comparative mixed-method design employs structured surveys of 180 child protection social workers alongside qualitative case analysis of child protection cases in each state. Logistic regression, comparative descriptive statistics, and cross-case thematic analysis are applied. The study finds significant variation across states in the number and qualification of child protection social workers, the strength of referral systems between agencies, and the availability of case management resources. Benue State emerges with relatively stronger social work presence due to NGO investment, while Nassarawa and Kogi demonstrate critical staffing deficits. Cases involving physical abuse are more likely to reach formal social work intervention than neglect or emotional abuse cases, reflecting a structural bias in case identification. Drawing on systems theory and child welfare frameworks, the study argues for a harmonised North Central child protection model with defined social work roles. Recommendations include establishing a zonal child protection working group and developing state-specific social work workforce development plans. Keywords: child protection, social work, North Central Nigeria, comparative study, child welfare systems