Urinalysis Findings Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attending a Secondary Health Facility in Oyo State, South West Nigeria

Urinalysis provides a non-invasive, cost-effective screening tool for monitoring renal and metabolic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study examined urinalysis findings among type 2 diabetic patients attending the diabetic clinic of a secondary health facility in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, South West Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 consenting adults with confirmed type 2 diabetes and 60 non-diabetic controls. Midstream urine samples were collected and analysed using dipstick and microscopic methods, assessing for glucosuria, proteinuria, haematuria, leucocyturia, bacteriuria, and casts. Fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin values were also retrieved from patient records. Glucosuria was detected in 61.1% of diabetic patients, while proteinuria was found in 43.3%. Microscopic haematuria occurred in 18.9% of subjects. Bacterial casts and leucocyturia suggesting urinary tract infection were observed in 26.7% of cases. Poor glycaemic control, reflected by elevated HbA1c, was significantly correlated with the severity of proteinuria and glucosuria. Duration of diabetes exceeding ten years was strongly associated with abnormal urinary findings. The study highlights the importance of routine urinalysis as a monitoring tool in diabetic care and recommends integration of standardised urine testing protocols into all diabetic follow-up consultations at primary and secondary health facilities in South West Nigeria. Keywords: urinalysis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, proteinuria, glucosuria, glycaemic control