Prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium Infection Among School Children Along the Shores of River Benue in Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria

Urogenital schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium remains a neglected tropical disease of significant public health concern in many riverine communities of North Central Nigeria, contributing to haematuria, anaemia, and long-term bladder pathology. This study determined the prevalence and intensity of S. haematobium infection among school children in communities along the shores of River Benue in Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 primary school pupils aged 5 to 15 years from four riparian communities. Terminal urine samples collected between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. were filtered through polycarbonate membranes and examined microscopically for S. haematobium eggs using a calibrated eyepiece. Haematuria was assessed by dipstick and macroscopic inspection. An overall infection prevalence of 47.3% was recorded. Children aged 10 to 12 years showed the highest infection rates. Contact with river water for swimming, bathing, and fishing was the most significant risk factor. Heavy-intensity infection was observed in 18.6% of positive cases. Anaemia was significantly more prevalent among infected children. The findings call for the expansion of school-based mass drug administration with praziquantel, snail control measures, and water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in affected communities in Nasarawa State as part of neglected tropical disease control strategies. Keywords: Schistosoma haematobium, urogenital schistosomiasis, school children, River Benue, Nasarawa State