Lipid Profile Abnormalities in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Not Yet on Dialysis at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, North West Nigeria

Dyslipidaemia in chronic kidney disease is a well-established contributor to the accelerated cardiovascular mortality characteristic of this patient population. This study assessed lipid profile abnormalities in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, North West Nigeria. A case-control study was conducted among 130 confirmed CKD patients in stages 2 to 4 and 65 age-matched healthy controls. Fasting serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were measured by enzymatic colorimetric methods. eGFR was calculated from serum creatinine using the CKD-EPI equation. Blood pressure, urinary protein, and fasting glucose were also assessed. Mean serum triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol were significantly elevated in CKD patients compared to controls. HDL-cholesterol was markedly reduced in 58.5% of CKD patients. Total cholesterol was elevated in 42.3% of cases. The severity of dyslipidaemia correlated inversely with declining eGFR, with most pronounced abnormalities in stage 4 CKD. Proteinuria was significantly associated with hypercholesterolaemia. Diabetic nephropathy patients showed the worst lipid profiles. The study recommends that lipid profiling should be part of routine monitoring for all CKD patients at every stage and that cardiovascular risk reduction strategies incorporating statin therapy should be prioritised in CKD management protocols across tertiary hospitals in North West Nigeria. Keywords: lipid profile, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular risk, Zaria