Professional Evaluation of Crocodile Conservation Status in the Benue and Niger River Confluence Zone, Kogi State

This study provides a professional conservation status evaluation for crocodiles in the Benue-Niger River confluence zone in Kogi State, located in Nigeria's North Central geopolitical zone. The Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus and the West African dwarf crocodile Osteolaemus tetraspis are both documented from the confluence area, yet their current population status and threat levels in this nationally important wetland are undocumented. Surveys were conducted using spotlight-based night count methodology along 45 km of riverbank over 30 survey nights, supplemented by track surveys, nest searches, and key informant interviews with community members, fishers, and hunters. Population density estimates were derived from eye-shine count data. Species composition was confirmed by morphometric measurements on animals captured with snares for examination and release. A total of 52 crocodile sightings were recorded, translating to a density estimate of 1.8 individuals per kilometre, considered very low relative to potentially viable population benchmarks. Osteolaemus tetraspis was confirmed at forested creek sites, while Crocodylus niloticus was recorded only in the main river channel. Human persecution for crop and fishing gear damage was identified as the primary mortality driver. Skin trade evidence was found in three riverside communities. The study recommends immediate community awareness campaigns, installation of croc-resistant fish trap designs, and establishment of a community-based crocodile monitoring programme with ranger training support. Keywords: crocodile conservation, Benue-Niger confluence, Kogi State, Crocodylus niloticus, survey.