Strategic HRM Alignment and Firm Agility in Nigerian FMCG Companies During Market Volatility

This study examines the relationship between strategic HRM alignment and firm agility among fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) companies in Nigeria during periods of market volatility, including currency fluctuations, supply chain disruptions, and consumer spending contractions. Nigerian FMCG companies face a uniquely volatile operating environment, and the degree to which HR strategies are aligned with strategic agility imperatives is a consequential but empirically underexplored determinant of firm responsiveness. The study employs a cross-sectional explanatory design, with primary data collected from 200 HR directors, chief operating officers, and board-level executives across 25 FMCG firms representing all geopolitical zones through structured questionnaires. Strategic HRM alignment is measured using the Vertical and Horizontal Alignment Index, while firm agility is assessed through the Adapted Business Agility Questionnaire. Multiple regression and moderation analyses are employed. Findings confirm that both vertical alignment between HR practices and business strategy and horizontal alignment among HR subsystems significantly predict firm agility. The HR-agility relationship is moderated by environmental uncertainty, with stronger alignment effects observed under higher volatility conditions, confirming the contingency nature of the alignment-agility link. Training and development flexibility and workforce deployment versatility are the HR practices most strongly associated with agility. Recommendations include developing scenario-based HR planning processes, building multi-skilled workforce capabilities, and embedding agility criteria in all HR strategy reviews. Keywords: Strategic HRM, Firm Agility, FMCG, Market Volatility, Nigeria.