Comparative Analysis of Lipid Oxidation Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with and without Cardiovascular Complications in Lagos State

The concurrent burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease imposes a double jeopardy of mortality risk in Nigerian adults, and oxidative lipid metabolism is hypothesised as a biochemical bridge between the two conditions. This study undertakes a comparative analysis of lipid oxidation biomarkers, including oxidised LDL, malondialdehyde, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, in type 2 diabetic patients with and without established cardiovascular complications attending a tertiary centre in Lagos State, South West Nigeria. A case-control design was employed, with 100 diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications, 100 diabetic patients without cardiovascular complications, and 80 non-diabetic controls. Serum lipid profiles, glycated haemoglobin, high-sensitivity CRP, and oxidative stress indices were measured. Logistic regression identified independent predictors of cardiovascular complication status among diabetic participants. Mediation analysis was applied to assess whether oxidised LDL partially mediates the relationship between poor glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk. The study fills a critical gap in the Nigerian literature on the lipid peroxidation-cardiovascular disease axis in diabetic populations. Findings will contribute to the biochemical rationale for antioxidant adjunct therapy in high-risk diabetic patients. Keywords: oxidised LDL, lipid peroxidation, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular complications, Lagos State.