Serum Biochemical Profile of Pigeons (Columba livia) with Paramyxovirus Infection in Kano, North West Nigeria

Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1, the causative agent of Newcastle-like disease in pigeons, is of veterinary and public health significance owing to its widespread distribution in Nigeria's urban pigeon populations. This study determined serum biochemical profiles in pigeons naturally infected with paramyxovirus in Kano, North West Nigeria. Sixty racing and domestic pigeons were recruited from fancier clubs and markets, with thirty serologically confirmed paramyxovirus-positive birds and thirty seronegative controls enrolled. Serum samples were analysed for uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, calcium, and phosphorus using avian-adapted reference methods. Infected pigeons demonstrated significant elevations in aspartate aminotransferase and uric acid, consistent with hepatocellular injury and altered purine metabolism. Total protein was reduced in infected birds, with hypoalbuminaemia observed in seventeen of thirty cases. Calcium concentrations were lower in infected birds, which may reflect reduced feed intake and altered intestinal absorption during the disease process. These biochemical disturbances were more pronounced in birds exhibiting neurological signs than in those with purely enteric presentations. The data provide species-specific reference information for avian veterinarians managing pigeon health in North West Nigeria and support biochemical monitoring as a supplement to virological diagnosis. Keywords: pigeon paramyxovirus, serum biochemistry, uric acid, hepatic enzymes, Kano.