Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women and Their Pet Cats in Nsukka, Enugu State

Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy carries serious risks for fetal development, and pet cats serve as the definitive host. This study determined the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and their owned cats in Nsukka, Enugu State, South East Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted at three maternal and child health clinics. Blood samples were collected from 100 pregnant women who reported owning cats. Paired serum samples were also collected from 100 cats from the same households. Human samples were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii. Cat samples were screened using a commercial latex agglutination test. A seroprevalence of 36% was recorded in women and 28% in cats. Concurrent seropositivity in both the woman and her cat was found in 14 households. IgM positivity, indicating recent infection, was found in 9% of pregnant women. Risk factors associated with seropositivity included cat ownership duration, cat litter box management, and consumption of undercooked meat. The study concludes that toxoplasmosis is a significant obstetric and veterinary public health concern in Nsukka and recommends routine antenatal toxoplasmosis screening, cat owner education, and safe handling guidelines for pregnant women who own cats. Keywords: toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii, pregnancy, cats, Enugu State