Role of Wild Animals in Zoonotic Disease Transmission in Forest Communities of Edo State

Hunting, bushmeat consumption, and encroachment into forest habitats create conditions for the spillover of zoonotic pathogens from wild animals to humans. This study explored the role of wild animals in zoonotic disease transmission in forest-bordering communities in Edo State, South South Nigeria. A mixed-methods approach was employed comprising a community survey of 120 residents and observations at three bushmeat markets. The questionnaire assessed hunting frequency, animal species targeted, meat processing practices, and disease history. Bushmeat market surveys documented species composition and handling practices. Results showed that 67.5% of respondents consumed bushmeat regularly, and 42.5% participated directly in hunting. Species harvested included monkeys, bats, pangolins, and forest rats, which are known reservoirs for multiple zoonotic pathogens. Post-capture handling was uniformly performed without protective equipment. A self-reported history of fever and rash following bushmeat handling was documented in 28.3% of respondents. The study concludes that the persistence of bushmeat practices in Edo State forest communities represents a substantial One Health risk for zoonotic disease emergence. Interdisciplinary interventions combining wildlife management, community education, and occupational health programs are required to reduce spillover risk. Keywords: bushmeat, zoonosis, wild animals, Edo State, One Health