Survey of Fungal Contamination and Aflatoxin Levels in Groundnuts Sold in Kaduna State

Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus species in improperly stored groundnuts are among the most potent hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxins known, with serious implications for public and veterinary public health. This study surveyed fungal contamination and aflatoxin levels in groundnut samples sold in markets in Kaduna State, North West Nigeria. Sixty groundnut samples were purchased from retail sellers across three local government areas. Fungal identification was performed using standard mycological culture methods, and aflatoxin levels were measured using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A structured questionnaire assessed vendor knowledge of mycotoxin risks and storage practices. Aspergillus flavus was the predominant fungal isolate, detected in 68.3% of samples. Aflatoxin levels exceeded the European Union maximum limit of 4 micrograms per kilogram in 45% of samples. High contamination was particularly associated with samples stored in jute sacks in humid market conditions. Vendors were largely unaware of aflatoxin risks, and no formal storage guidelines had been communicated to them by regulatory authorities. The study concludes that aflatoxin contamination of marketed groundnuts in Kaduna State constitutes a serious public health risk. Recommendations include promotion of good storage practices, training of traders, introduction of rapid aflatoxin test kits at market entry points, and enforcement of NAFDAC standards. Keywords: aflatoxin, groundnuts, Aspergillus, mycotoxin, Kaduna State