Awareness and Uptake of Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Dog Bite Victims in Adamawa State

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic viral disease transmitted principally through dog bites, causing an estimated 55,000 human deaths annually in Africa and Asia. In Adamawa State, North East Nigeria, where stray dog populations are large and veterinary regulation is limited, awareness of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is critical for preventing fatal outcomes. This study evaluates awareness and uptake of rabies PEP among individuals presenting with dog bite injuries at public health facilities in Yola and Numan local government areas. A cross-sectional design will survey 300 dog bite victims using a structured questionnaire administered within 72 hours of injury presentation. Variables assessed include knowledge of rabies transmission, immediate wound management practices, time to health facility presentation, and receipt of complete PEP. Health facility records will be audited to assess vaccine stock availability and healthcare worker training in PEP protocols. Studies from comparable North East Nigerian settings indicate that fewer than 30 percent of bite victims complete the full PEP course, primarily due to vaccine stockouts and low awareness of its necessity. Findings will inform the Adamawa State Ministry of Health in developing community sensitisation programmes for rabies prevention and strengthening PEP supply chains at primary and secondary healthcare levels. This study also contributes to the national One Health approach to rabies elimination in Nigeria by 2030. Keywords: rabies, post-exposure prophylaxis, dog bite, Adamawa State, awareness