Household Biodigester Adoption for Clean Cooking in Anambra State: Barriers and Prospects

Access to clean cooking solutions remains a public health and gender equity imperative in Nigeria, where the majority of rural households depend on solid biomass fuels associated with indoor air pollution and respiratory disease. This study examines the adoption of household biodigesters as a clean cooking solution in rural communities of Anambra State, South East Nigeria, focusing on awareness levels, perceived barriers, and socioeconomic determinants of uptake. A descriptive survey was conducted among 240 rural households in four communities selected across Anambra's senatorial zones. Structured questionnaires captured data on cooking fuel preferences, monthly fuel expenditures, awareness of biodigester technology, and willingness to invest in biogas systems given varying cost and financing options. Focus group discussions with women's groups and community elders provided qualitative context on cultural attitudes toward biogas and livestock waste utilisation. Results show that 73 percent of respondents had not heard of household biodigesters before the survey, and 61 percent expressed interest following a demonstration. Key barriers include high upfront capital cost, lack of technical installation expertise, and concerns about system complexity. The study recommends a community ambassador model leveraging existing women's cooperatives and agricultural extension networks to accelerate awareness and adoption. Integration with Nigeria's Nationally Determined Contributions commitments on clean cooking is highlighted. Keywords: biodigester, clean cooking, Anambra State, rural households, renewable energy adoption.