📖 ABSTRACT/OVERVIEW
Environmental impact assessment for infrastructure projects in Nigeria frequently lacks spatial precision, limiting its effectiveness as a planning tool. This study examines the application of GIS in enhancing the spatial dimension of environmental impact assessment for road construction projects in Anambra State. Using the Enugwu-Ukwu to Igbo-Ukwu trunk road rehabilitation project as a case study, spatial analysis is applied to delineate impact zones across multiple environmental receptors including agricultural land, settlements, drainage channels, and forest patches. Land cover maps derived from Sentinel-2 imagery delineate sensitive receptor zones within 200-metre, 500-metre, and 1-kilometre buffer corridors. Socioeconomic survey data from 150 households in the project impact zone are geo-referenced and integrated into the GIS database. Results demonstrate that GIS-enhanced EIA identifies 23 percent more environmental receptors than non-spatial assessment methods. The study advocates for mandatory GIS integration in EIA procedures governed by the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency. Keywords: GIS, environmental impact assessment, road projects, Anambra State, spatial analysis
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