📖 ABSTRACT/OVERVIEW
The velocity of ultrasound in liquids is a well-established physical property from which density, compressibility, and molecular interaction parameters can be derived. In Nigerian chemical processing industries, knowledge of ultrasound velocity is relevant to non-invasive liquid level sensing, process control, and quality assurance of raw materials. This study measures the ultrasound velocity in ten industrial liquids used by chemical companies in Port Harcourt and Onne industrial zones, including hydrochloric acid, caustic soda solution, ethylene glycol, industrial acetone, and glycerol. An ultrasonic pulse-echo system operating at 2 MHz is used to measure transit time across calibrated liquid columns at 25 and 40 degrees Celsius. Sound velocity is computed from path length and transit time data. The adiabatic compressibility is derived using the Newton-Laplace equation. Results indicate sound velocities ranging from 1,162 m per second for acetone to 1,904 m per second for glycerol at 25 degrees Celsius. Significant temperature dependence is observed for all samples, with glycerol showing the highest temperature coefficient of minus 2.1 m per second per Kelvin. The adiabatic compressibility values computed from sound velocity and density data agree with published values to within 3 percent. Keywords: ultrasound velocity, industrial liquids, adiabatic compressibility, Port Harcourt, process control
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