📖 ABSTRACT/OVERVIEW
The interaction of photons with matter at the nanoscale, described by quantum electrodynamics, governs the optical properties of biological molecules and nanostructures derived from Nigerian biological sources. Understanding these interactions is fundamental for designing biophotonic sensors, nano-optical devices, and photodynamic therapy agents based on locally available biological feedstocks. This study develops a comprehensive quantum electrodynamic treatment of photon-matter interaction in nanoscale bio-optical systems derived from Nigerian medicinal plant extracts, specifically gold nanoparticles capped with phytochemicals from Moringa oleifera and chlorophyll extracted from Azadirachta indica. The framework extends macroscopic QED to incorporate the realistic dielectric environment of biomolecular coronas surrounding metallic nanoparticles, accounting for retardation effects and near-field contributions. The Purcell enhancement factor for fluorescent chlorophyll molecules near gold nanoparticle surfaces is computed from the dyadic Green's tensor using boundary element method discretisation of the nanoparticle-molecule geometry. Experimental photoluminescence lifetime measurements on synthesised bioconjugates validate the QED-predicted Purcell factors to within 18 percent. The localised surface plasmon resonance coupling to molecular excitons is characterised and the conditions for strong coupling are identified for the moringa-gold system. Keywords: quantum electrodynamics, bio-optical, gold nanoparticles, Purcell effect, photon-matter interaction
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