Assessment of Air Quality Parameters Near Cement Manufacturing Plants in Calabar Industrial Zone, Cross River State

Cement manufacturing is a major source of atmospheric particulate matter and gaseous pollutants that pose significant risks to surrounding communities. This study assesses selected air quality parameters in residential and commercial areas near a cement manufacturing plant in the Calabar Industrial Zone, Cross River State, South South Nigeria. Ambient air samples were collected at six monitoring stations positioned at varying distances from the plant over an eight-week period. Parameters measured include particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and total suspended particles, using calibrated portable air quality monitoring instruments and high-volume air samplers. Collected filter samples were subjected to gravimetric analysis and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy for trace metal speciation. Results indicate that particulate matter concentrations at locations within 500 metres of the plant perimeter exceeded the Federal Environmental Protection Agency limits on several sampling days, with notable contributions from calcium and silicon-bearing particles characteristic of cement dust. Concentrations decreased progressively with distance. Meteorological factors including wind direction and speed were found to significantly influence dispersion patterns. The study recommends the installation of effective emission control equipment, mandatory buffer zones, and continuous ambient air monitoring as part of the plant's environmental management plan. Keywords: air quality, cement plant, particulate matter, Calabar, atmospheric pollution