Assessment of Renal Function in Dogs Presented to the University of Nigeria Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Nsukka

Renal dysfunction in companion animals is a common but frequently underdiagnosed clinical problem in Nigerian veterinary practice. Without routine biochemical screening, early-stage chronic kidney disease often progresses to uraemia before clinical signs become apparent. This study assessed renal function in dogs presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, in Enugu State, South East Nigeria. A total of 60 dogs presenting for routine check-ups or elective procedures were enrolled. Blood samples were collected for measurement of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, electrolytes, and total protein. Urine samples were analysed for specific gravity, protein, glucose, and casts. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the creatinine clearance method. Results showed that 18.3 percent of dogs had elevated serum creatinine above the reference range of 44 to 133 micromoles per litre. Azotaemia was identified in 15 percent of cases, with concurrent urine specific gravity below 1.030 in most affected animals. Proteinuria was detected in 21.7 percent of samples. Older dogs and those with a history of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use showed significantly higher creatinine concentrations. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating routine renal function panels into companion animal wellness examinations at Nigerian veterinary hospitals. Early detection enables therapeutic intervention before irreversible nephron loss occurs. Keywords: renal function, dogs, creatinine, azotaemia, Nsukka.