Prevalence of Low Back Pain and Ergonomic Risk Factors Among Market Traders in Onitsha, Anambra State

Background: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints in primary care globally, and occupationally exposed groups such as market traders in the South East geopolitical zone are particularly vulnerable. This study determines the prevalence and ergonomic risk factors of low back pain among traders in Onitsha Main Market, Anambra State. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 260 traders recruited by systematic random sampling. Musculoskeletal discomfort was assessed using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and ergonomic exposures were evaluated through self-report and direct observation. Logistic regression was applied to identify independent risk factors. Results: Point prevalence of low back pain was high. Prolonged standing, carrying heavy loads, and awkward trunk postures were the dominant risk factors. Years of trading experience correlated positively with chronicity of symptoms. Formal healthcare consultation for back pain was infrequent, with self-medication being the primary coping strategy. Conclusion: Low back pain poses a significant occupational health burden among traders in Onitsha. Family medicine practitioners should integrate musculoskeletal screening and ergonomic counselling into primary care for this population. Keywords: low back pain, ergonomics, market traders, Onitsha, musculoskeletal disorders