Assessment of Water Quality Parameters in Fish Ponds of Anambra State

This study assessed key water quality parameters in earthen fish ponds across three local government areas in Anambra State, South East Nigeria, and their implications for fish health and growth performance. Aquaculture in Anambra State has expanded significantly in recent years, driven by increasing demand for fish protein and favourable climate conditions. Water samples were collected bi-weekly from 18 fish ponds over a four-month period. Parameters measured included temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, total dissolved solids, and turbidity using standard field and laboratory methods. Results indicated that dissolved oxygen levels fell below the optimal threshold of 5 mg/L in 44 percent of sampled ponds, particularly during morning hours, posing a risk of hypoxia-related mortality. pH values ranged from 6.1 to 8.4, with ponds receiving high organic feed loads recording lower pH. Ammonia concentrations exceeded safe limits in ponds with high stocking densities and infrequent water exchange. Temperature remained within acceptable ranges for tropical aquaculture throughout the study. A significant negative correlation was observed between poor water quality indices and fish growth rates measured at harvesting. The study recommends regular monitoring, adoption of aeration systems, and proper feeding management to maintain optimal pond water quality for enhanced productivity in Anambra State aquaculture operations. Keywords: water quality, fish ponds, aquaculture, dissolved oxygen, Anambra State