Comparative Analysis of Feed Conversion Efficiency in Intensive vs. Semi-Intensive Catfish Systems in Enugu State

This study compared feed conversion efficiency and production economics in intensive concrete tank and semi-intensive earthen pond catfish (Clarias gariepinus) culture systems in Enugu State, South East Nigeria. The choice of production system significantly influences feed utilisation efficiency, profitability, and environmental footprint in aquaculture, yet comparative data from Enugu State are limited. Six intensive concrete tank units and six semi-intensive earthen ponds of equivalent stocking volume were managed under uniform feeding protocols over a 16-week grow-out period. Stocking density, feed type, and management regimes were standardised. Feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, survival rate, and economic performance metrics including cost of production per kilogram were calculated at harvest. Results showed that intensive concrete tank systems achieved a superior feed conversion ratio of 1.52 compared to 1.84 for semi-intensive earthen ponds, while specific growth rates were also significantly higher in tank systems. However, total cost of production per kilogram of fish was 21 percent lower in semi-intensive ponds due to substantially reduced infrastructure and aeration costs. Survival rates were comparable between systems at approximately 88 percent. Gross margins per production cycle were slightly higher in earthen pond systems despite lower individual fish performance, owing to lower overheads. The study concludes that the preferred system depends on the farmer's capital base, market proximity, and management capacity, and recommends hybrid approaches for farmers seeking to balance efficiency and cost-effectiveness in Enugu State. Keywords: feed conversion ratio, intensive aquaculture, semi-intensive aquaculture, catfish production, Enugu State