Incidence of Albinism and Psychosocial Impact on Affected Individuals in Plateau State Communities

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is an autosomal recessive condition characterised by reduced or absent melanin pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes. Individuals with albinism in Nigeria face significant social stigma, increased risk of skin cancer due to sun exposure, and diminished educational opportunities. This study documented the incidence of albinism and its psychosocial effects on affected individuals in selected communities across Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining community-based case identification with structured interviews administered to 75 confirmed albinism cases and 150 unaffected community members for comparison. Incidence rates were estimated based on community registers and referral records from the University of Jos Teaching Hospital. The psychosocial impact was assessed using the adapted Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and a locally validated stigma index. Findings indicated that albinism cases were predominantly OCA2, consistent with high prevalence of TYR gene variants in sub-Saharan Africa. Psychosocial assessments revealed elevated rates of social exclusion, low self-esteem, and restricted school attendance among affected individuals. These results advocate for anti-stigma education campaigns and albinism-inclusive policies in Plateau State schools and workplaces. Keywords: oculocutaneous albinism, psychosocial impact, Plateau State, stigma, melanin deficiency