Material Handling System Evaluation in a Rice Milling Complex in Kebbi State

This study evaluates the material handling system of a rice milling complex in Kebbi State, North West Nigeria, with the objective of identifying inefficiencies and recommending improvements that reduce grain damage and handling costs. Kebbi State is one of Nigeria's leading rice-producing states, and the efficiency of rice milling operations directly influences the competitiveness of locally milled rice against imported alternatives. The research applies a material handling principles audit, assessing the existing system of manual porterage, rubber belt conveyors, and bucket elevators against criteria of capacity adequacy, damage minimisation, ergonomic suitability, and maintenance accessibility. Data were gathered through timed observation, grain damage sampling at each handling stage, and interviews with milling engineers and operators over seven weeks. Results indicate that manual grain bagging at the output stage contributes disproportionately to grain spillage, accounting for an estimated three-point-eight percent weight loss per tonne of paddy processed. The existing bucket elevators also show elevated grain cracking rates attributed to worn rubber cups and overspeeding. Recommendations include introducing automated bagging machines at the output stage, replacing worn elevator components, and reconfiguring the conveyor gradient to reduce grain impact velocities. Keywords: material handling, rice milling, grain damage, Kebbi State, conveyor system