Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Status of Primary School Children in Enugu State, South East Nigeria

Adequate nutrition during early childhood is critical for cognitive development and academic performance. This study examines the dietary patterns and nutritional status of primary school children aged 6 to 12 years in Enugu State, South East Nigeria. The growing prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among school-age children in this region has raised concerns among public health practitioners and educators. A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted, with 320 children selected from eight public primary schools across Enugu North, Enugu South, and Igbo-Eze local government areas using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire, a 24-hour dietary recall, and anthropometric measurements including weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference. Nutritional status was assessed using WHO growth reference standards for children. Dietary diversity was evaluated using a standard food variety score. Preliminary observations suggest that starchy staples dominate the diet while protein-rich foods and fresh vegetables are consumed infrequently. High rates of stunting and underweight were observed among children from low-income households. School feeding programme participation was positively associated with improved dietary diversity. These findings aim to highlight critical nutritional gaps and provide evidence-based recommendations for school nutrition interventions in South East Nigeria. Keywords: dietary patterns, nutritional status, school children, Enugu State, stunting.