Glucose Homeostasis and Metabolic Management in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Care at a Mission Hospital in Makurdi, Benue State

Effective metabolic management of type 2 diabetes requires integrated physiological monitoring beyond fasting glucose measurement, including glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, and renal function assessment. This study evaluated glucose homeostasis and the comprehensiveness of metabolic management in type 2 diabetic patients at a mission hospital in Makurdi, Benue State, North Central Nigeria. A cross-sectional design was used, recruiting 100 confirmed diabetic patients under regular follow-up. Biochemical indices measured included fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin A1c, lipid profile, serum creatinine, and urine albumin. Medication adherence and dietary counselling history were assessed through interview. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were applied. Results showed that 61 percent of patients had glycated haemoglobin A1c above 7 percent, indicating poor long-term glycaemic control. Dyslipidaemia was detected in 54 percent of patients, and microalbuminuria in 28 percent. Patients who had received formal dietary counselling had significantly better glycaemic outcomes. Medication non-adherence was reported by 46 percent. The study concludes that metabolic management of type 2 diabetes at the facility is suboptimal, particularly regarding glycaemic and lipid control. Enhanced dietary counselling, glycated haemoglobin monitoring, and structured adherence support programmes are recommended as quality improvement priorities for the hospital. Keywords: type 2 diabetes, glycated haemoglobin, glucose homeostasis, metabolic management, Makurdi.