Physiological Assessment of Indoor Air Quality Effects on Respiratory Health in Lagos Island Market Traders

Indoor air quality in crowded, poorly ventilated market environments poses a significant respiratory health risk that warrants systematic physiological documentation. This study assessed the relationship between indoor air quality and respiratory health outcomes among traders in Lagos Island markets, South West Nigeria. One hundred market traders working in enclosed stalls and 50 outdoor traders were recruited. Air quality measurements including particulate matter PM2.5 and carbon monoxide were taken at 10 workstations using a portable multi-gas analyser. Respiratory health was assessed through spirometry and the British Medical Research Council respiratory questionnaire. Physical examination for respiratory signs was also conducted by a trained clinician. Independent t-tests and logistic regression were employed. Results showed PM2.5 concentrations in enclosed stalls significantly exceeded WHO safe limits, averaging 47.3 micrograms per cubic metre compared to 18.1 for outdoor stalls. Enclosed traders had significantly lower forced expiratory volume in one second values and higher prevalence of chronic cough, wheeze, and breathlessness. Duration of market work correlated inversely with spirometric values. The study concludes that poor indoor air quality in Lagos Island markets impairs respiratory physiology among enclosed traders. Market ventilation upgrades, air quality monitoring, and respiratory health screening programmes are recommended. Keywords: indoor air quality, particulate matter, respiratory health, market traders, Lagos.