Physiological Effects of Occupational Chemical Exposure on Haematological and Hepatic Markers in Paint Factory Workers in Onitsha, Anambra State

Paint manufacturing involves exposure to organic solvents, heavy metals, and pigment chemicals that can exert haematological and hepatic toxicity in occupationally exposed workers. This study assessed the physiological effects of occupational chemical exposure on haematological and hepatic biomarkers among paint factory workers in Onitsha, Anambra State, South East Nigeria. Seventy factory workers with at least one year of regular chemical exposure were compared with 35 age-matched controls from administrative roles without chemical contact. Full blood count parameters and liver function tests including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were measured from venous blood. Occupational exposure data including personal protective equipment use were collected by questionnaire. Unpaired t-tests and chi-square tests were applied. Results showed significantly elevated liver enzyme levels and reduced haemoglobin and platelet counts in exposed workers compared to controls. Workers with poor personal protective equipment compliance had the most aberrant values. Exposure duration correlated positively with enzyme derangement and negatively with haemoglobin levels. The study concludes that paint factory chemical exposure induces measurable hepatic and haematological changes in workers in Onitsha. Mandatory personal protective equipment use, air quality monitoring, regular blood screening, and occupational health education are urgently recommended. Keywords: chemical exposure, paint workers, liver enzymes, haematological markers, Onitsha.