Blockchain Technology Adoption Intentions in Supply Chain Traceability: Evidence from Agricultural Export Firms in South East and South West Nigeria

This study examines the factors influencing blockchain technology adoption intentions for supply chain traceability among agricultural export firms in South East (Anambra and Enugu) and South West (Osun and Ekiti) Nigeria. Growing international buyer demands for traceable, certified agricultural commodities, particularly cocoa, sesame, and cashew, have elevated interest in blockchain-based traceability platforms. However, adoption among Nigerian agricultural exporters remains limited. Using a quantitative design, structured questionnaires were administered to 130 firm managers, IT officers, and logistics heads in 30 registered agricultural export firms across both zones. The study applies the Technology Acceptance Model and Diffusion of Innovation Theory as dual theoretical lenses, incorporating variables including perceived usefulness, ease of use, traceability system compatibility, blockchain infrastructure cost, regulatory encouragement, and industry peer adoption. Adoption intention is measured through a multi-item composite scale validated in prior technology adoption literature. Structural equation modelling is employed. The study draws on blockchain supply chain traceability and technology adoption literature, with particular attention to barriers in lower-middle-income agricultural contexts. Findings are expected to identify perceived usefulness and regulatory encouragement as primary adoption drivers, while high infrastructure cost is identified as the dominant barrier. The study contributes empirically tested insights into blockchain adoption dynamics in an underresearched African agricultural export context. Recommendations address the Nigerian Export Promotion Council, international development partners, and technology platform providers on designing adoption support programmes. Keywords: blockchain, supply chain traceability, adoption intention, agricultural export firms, Nigeria.