An Examination of the Legal Framework Governing Child Labour in Kano State: Challenges and Prospects

Child labour remains a pervasive challenge in many states across Nigeria, with the North West geopolitical zone recording some of the highest incidences attributed to poverty, limited access to education, and weak law enforcement. This study examines the adequacy of the legal framework governing child labour in Kano State, with specific reference to the Child Rights Act of 2003, the Labour Act, and relevant state-level legislation. Using a descriptive research design, primary data was obtained through questionnaires administered to social workers, law enforcement officers, and non-governmental organisation personnel operating in Kano metropolis. Secondary sources include recent reports from UNICEF Nigeria, the National Bureau of Statistics, and peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2024. The study evaluates the extent to which existing laws are enforced and identifies institutional, cultural, and economic barriers that impede effective implementation. Findings reveal that poor inter-agency coordination, inadequate penalties, and cultural normalisation of child economic participation significantly undermine legislative provisions. The research also highlights the role of Almajiri schooling practices in exacerbating child labour vulnerabilities in the state. Policy recommendations are proposed for strengthening enforcement mechanisms and improving collaboration between state welfare agencies and federal regulatory bodies. This study is intended to provide a factual foundation for future legislative advocacy on child rights protection in North West Nigeria. Keywords: child labour, Kano State, Child Rights Act, law enforcement, North West Nigeria.