Evaluation of Fire Prevention and Firefighting Systems on LNG Carrier Vessels Operating from Bonny LNG Terminal

The transport of liquefied natural gas by sea carries inherent fire and explosion risks that demand rigorous fire prevention and firefighting systems. This study evaluates the adequacy and operational readiness of fire prevention and firefighting systems aboard LNG carrier vessels operating from the Bonny LNG Terminal in Rivers State. A descriptive case study approach was adopted, with data collected through structured inspection checklists, crew interviews, and review of onboard drill records and safety management system documentation. Eight LNG carriers were assessed during port calls over a three-month period. The study applies the standards of the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk as the primary compliance benchmark. Findings indicate that while the larger internationally operated carriers demonstrated high levels of system readiness, several aspects of firefighting drill frequency and crew competency were found deficient on vessels operated by locally registered shipping companies. Gaps were identified in the maintenance of fixed dry chemical powder systems and emergency shutdown valve testing procedures. The research also finds that crew familiarity with shipboard emergency response plans was inconsistent, particularly among newly joined ratings. Recommendations include enhanced pre-voyage safety drills, third-party audit of fire system maintenance records, and mandatory LNG safety refresher courses for all crew prior to LNG terminal entry. Keywords: LNG carrier, fire prevention, Bonny Terminal, firefighting systems, IGC Code