Assessment of Dredging Activities and Their Effects on Navigation in Calabar River Channel

Dredging operations are essential to maintaining adequate navigational depth in river port channels, particularly in environments prone to sedimentation. This study assesses the dredging activities undertaken in the Calabar River channel and evaluates their effectiveness in sustaining navigable depths for commercial vessels using the Port of Calabar. The research employs a descriptive field survey design, utilising bathymetric survey data, dredging operational records from the Nigerian Ports Authority, and structured interviews with harbour pilots and dredging crew members. Hydrographic survey data from 2021 to 2024 were analysed to track changes in channel depth following dredging interventions. Findings indicate that the channel requires maintenance dredging at least twice annually to sustain depths sufficient for medium-draught vessels, with sedimentation rates particularly high during the rainy season due to increased freshwater runoff from the Cross River basin. The study finds that dredging contracts have been inconsistently awarded and executed, resulting in periods during which navigable depth falls below the minimum requirement, causing delays and diversions for vessels scheduled to call at the port. Recommendations include establishment of a dedicated dredging reserve fund within the Nigerian Ports Authority budget, deployment of a permanent survey vessel for continuous depth monitoring, and engagement of local dredging firms for rapid-response maintenance operations. Keywords: dredging, Calabar River, navigational depth, port channel, sedimentation