Detection of Human Papillomavirus High-Risk Types in Cervical Swab Samples from Women Attending Gynecology Clinics in Imo State

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types is the primary etiological factor in cervical cancer development, which remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among Nigerian women. This cross-sectional study detected and typed high-risk HPV in cervical swab samples from women attending gynecology outpatient clinics at Imo State University Teaching Hospital, Owerri, Southeast Nigeria. A total of 160 women aged 18-60 years who provided informed consent were recruited. Cervical cells were collected using standard Ayre's spatulas and cytobrushes. HPV DNA was extracted and high-risk types (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58) were detected by type-specific multiplex PCR. Pap smear findings were correlated with HPV detection results. HPV DNA was detected in 34.4% of participants, with HPV 16 (38%) and HPV 18 (29%) being most prevalent among positive samples. Co-infection with multiple HPV types was observed in 21% of HPV-positive women. High-risk HPV prevalence was significantly associated with nulliparity and younger age at sexual debut. These findings support the urgent integration of HPV-based screening with existing cervical cancer control programs in Imo State. Keywords: HPV, cervical cancer, high-risk types, PCR detection, Imo State.