Occupational Health Program Gaps in the Nigerian Informal Textile Industry: A Study of Aba, Abia State

The informal textile and garment industry in Nigeria employs a substantial workforce, predominantly female, that operates with minimal occupational health program coverage despite chronic hazard exposure. This study identified occupational health program gaps in the informal textile industry in Aba, Abia State, South East Nigeria. A mixed-methods design was used, with 50 textile workshop owners and 100 workers participating through structured questionnaires and focus group discussions. A gap analysis framework based on the OHSAS 18001 elements was applied to document existing versus required occupational health program components. Results showed that occupational health programs were entirely absent in 88 percent of sampled workshops. Dust control measures were implemented in only 8 percent of facilities, despite cotton and synthetic fiber dust concentrations exceeding permissible levels in 76 percent of sampled sites. Reproductive health considerations, particularly for pregnant workers, were not accommodated in any facility. Noise levels from sewing machines exceeded 90 dB(A) in 62 percent of workshops, yet hearing conservation measures were absent. Workers suffered from chronic respiratory symptoms (63%), hearing difficulties (44%), and dermatitis (55%) at elevated rates. The study recommends a targeted informal sector occupational health extension program led by the Abia State Ministry of Labour, community-based health education using local trade networks, and development of accessible textile industry occupational health guidelines. Keywords: textile industry, informal sector, occupational health gaps, program evaluation, Abia State.