Assessing the Burden of Avoidable Blindness Among Nomadic Fulani Communities in Adamawa State

Nomadic Fulani communities in Adamawa State represent one of the most underserved and epidemiologically undocumented populations in north-eastern Nigeria, with virtually no ophthalmic data available despite their exposure to multiple blindness risk factors. This study assesses the burden of avoidable blindness among nomadic Fulani communities in Adamawa State, North East Nigeria. A cross-sectional population-based design adapted from the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) methodology will be employed. Ten nomadic settlements across Gombi, Madagali, and Michika local government areas will be identified through satellite imagery and community liaison. All persons aged 50 years and above will be examined for visual acuity, anterior segment pathology, lens status, and optic disc appearance. Causes of blindness and visual impairment will be classified as avoidable (preventable or treatable) or unavoidable. Logistic regression will identify demographic predictors of blindness. Nomadic Fulani populations face unique eye health risks including chronic sun and dust exposure, limited healthcare access due to migration patterns, high trachoma risk, and cultural reluctance to engage formal health systems. No published ophthalmic prevalence data exist specifically for this population in Adamawa State. This study fills a fundamental evidence gap and generates advocacy data for Adamawa State Ministry of Health, the Federal Ministry of Health, and mobile health initiatives targeting pastoralist communities. Recommendations will propose a dedicated mobile eye care programme designed around Fulani seasonal migration calendars. Keywords: avoidable blindness, nomadic population, Fulani, Adamawa State, RAAB methodology