Assessment of Infection Control Practices in Oral Surgery Clinics at Secondary Health Facilities in Plateau State

Infection control practices in oral surgery settings are critical for preventing the transmission of blood-borne pathogens and healthcare-associated infections among patients and clinical staff. In secondary health facilities with limited resources and variable staff training, adherence to standard infection control protocols can be inconsistent. This descriptive cross-sectional study assesses infection control practices in oral surgery clinics at twelve secondary health facilities in Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. A structured observational checklist based on the WHO infection prevention and control guidelines was used during unannounced clinic visits, supplemented by questionnaire-based assessment of staff knowledge and attitudes. Parameters assessed include hand hygiene compliance, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), instrument sterilization methods, surface decontamination, and sharps disposal. Results indicate that hand hygiene compliance before patient contact was observed in only 44% of instances. Glove use was universal, but mask and protective eyewear use were inconsistent. Autoclave sterilization was available in 58% of facilities but was non-functional in 30% of cases. Recapping of used needles was observed in 67% of facilities, representing a significant needlestick injury risk. Staff knowledge scores on hepatitis B and HIV transmission through dental procedures were below acceptable thresholds in most facilities. The study recommends targeted infection control training, procurement of functional sterilization equipment, and routine compliance auditing in Plateau State secondary facilities. Keywords: infection control, oral surgery, sterilization, Plateau State, secondary healthcare.