Professional Practices in Intraoperative Fluoroscopy Use Among Orthopaedic Surgeons in North Central Nigeria

Intraoperative fluoroscopy is an indispensable tool in contemporary orthopaedic surgery, enabling real-time imaging guidance for fracture reduction, implant placement, and joint assessment. However, inappropriate use and inadequate radiation protection practices pose health risks to surgical teams. This cross-sectional survey examines professional practices in intraoperative fluoroscopy use among orthopaedic surgeons and operating theatre teams in teaching hospitals and specialist centres across North Central Nigeria, including facilities in Abuja, Benue, Niger, and Plateau States. A validated structured questionnaire will assess frequency of fluoroscopy use, adherence to radiation protection protocols (lead aprons, thyroid collars, dosimetry badges), knowledge of ALARA principles, and institutional radiation safety policies. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses will identify predictors of non-compliance. The study hypothesises that fewer than half of respondents consistently comply with all radiation safety measures. Findings will be submitted to the Radiological Protection Services and the Association of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgeons of Nigeria (AOTSN) to support revision of occupational radiation guidelines. This study addresses a gap in occupational radiation health data for orthopaedic surgeons in North Central Nigeria and contributes to the evidence base for developing mandatory radiation safety training in Nigerian surgical postgraduate education. Keywords: intraoperative fluoroscopy, radiation protection, orthopaedic surgeons, ALARA principles, North Central Nigeria.