Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Among Primary School Children in Enugu State, South East Nigeria

Malaria remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among school-age children in sub-Saharan Africa, with Nigeria accounting for a disproportionate burden of global cases. This study investigates the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria among primary school children in Enugu State, South East Nigeria, using thick and thin blood film microscopy. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, targeting children aged 5 to 14 years across selected public primary schools in three local government areas. A total of 350 children were recruited through systematic random sampling, and venous blood samples were collected for Giemsa-stained microscopy. Structured questionnaires were administered to parents and guardians to capture sociodemographic data, bednet usage, and health-seeking behaviours. Findings are expected to reveal significant associations between malaria positivity and variables such as proximity to stagnant water, insecticide-treated net utilisation, and household income levels. Recent literature from 2020 to 2024 highlights persistent malaria transmission in southeastern states despite national control efforts, suggesting gaps in preventive coverage. This study contributes baseline epidemiological data relevant to school-based malaria intervention programmes in Enugu State. Results will inform local health authorities on targeted strategies for reducing school absenteeism attributed to febrile malaria episodes. Recommendations will align with the Nigerian National Malaria Elimination Programme guidelines and the WHO Global Malaria Technical Strategy 2016-2030. Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, malaria prevalence, primary school children, Enugu State, blood film microscopy.