Ectoparasite Infestation of Domestic Poultry in Osun State, South West Nigeria: Prevalence and Farmer Awareness

Ectoparasite infestations in domestic poultry represent a persistent constraint to smallholder poultry production in tropical Africa, causing reduced growth rates, egg production losses, and increased mortality. This study examines the prevalence of ectoparasites infesting domestic poultry and assesses the awareness of farmers regarding their impact in Osun State, South West Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in three local government areas, targeting 250 smallholder poultry farmers rearing chickens, guinea fowls, and turkeys under free-range and semi-intensive systems. Physical examination of 500 birds selected by simple random sampling was performed to detect and identify ectoparasites, including lice, mites, ticks, and fleas. Identification was achieved using standard taxonomic keys under stereomicroscopy. A structured questionnaire assessed farmer awareness of ectoparasite-related production losses, control practices, and veterinary service utilisation. Recent studies from 2020 to 2024 document high ectoparasite burdens in backyard poultry systems across southwestern Nigeria, often exacerbated by limited access to acaricide treatments and veterinary extension services. This study quantifies infestation rates by bird species, management system, and season, generating data relevant to the design of integrated parasite management strategies. Recommendations will target both the Osun State Ministry of Agriculture and the National Veterinary Research Institute to improve advisory services for rural poultry farmers. Keywords: ectoparasites, domestic poultry, smallholder farmers, Osun State, infestation prevalence.