Assessment of Vector Control Practices for Malaria in Urban Households in Ibadan, Oyo State, South West Nigeria

Urban malaria transmission in Nigerian cities is shaped by distinct ecological and socio-behavioural contexts that differ substantially from rural settings, requiring tailored vector control approaches. This study assesses the practice and effectiveness of household-level malaria vector control in urban Ibadan, Oyo State, South West Nigeria. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in three high-density residential areas in Ibadan North, Egbeda, and Ona-Ara Local Government Areas, enrolling 300 households selected through systematic random sampling. Data were collected on insecticide-treated net ownership, hanging and use patterns, use of indoor residual spraying, mosquito coil and repellent use, and larval source management practices around the compound. Mosquito collection was performed using CDC light traps and indoor pyrethrum spray catches to assess vector density and species composition. Evidence from 2020 to 2024 documents a paradox of high bednet ownership but low actual use in urban Ibadan households, attributable to heat, aesthetic preferences, and hanging infrastructure limitations. This study produces a vector control practice profile by household wealth quintile and housing type, and identifies priorities for behaviour change communication. Findings will be communicated to the Ibadan City Authority and the Oyo State Malaria Elimination Programme. Keywords: urban malaria, vector control, household practices, Ibadan, insecticide-treated nets.