Assessment of pH and Heavy Metal Levels in Cosmetic Skin Lightening Creams Sold in Open Markets in Aba, Abia State

Skin lightening cosmetics are widely used by women across South Eastern Nigeria, with Aba in Abia State serving as a major manufacturing and distribution centre for both genuine and counterfeit personal care products. The safety of these products is a significant public health concern, particularly regarding pH levels outside acceptable dermatological ranges and the presence of toxic heavy metals such as mercury and hydroquinone at harmful concentrations. This study assessed pH values and heavy metal content in fifteen skin lightening cream brands purchased from Ariaria International Market, Aba. pH was measured using a calibrated digital pH meter. Mercury, lead, arsenic, and chromium concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry following microwave acid digestion. Mercury was detected in six products, with two exceeding the European Union cosmetic product regulation limit of 1 ppm. Lead was present above acceptable limits in four products. pH values ranged from 3.8 to 9.4, with five products outside the recommended cosmetic pH range of 4.5 to 8.0. Products marketed under local brand names showed significantly higher rates of non-compliance than international brands. These findings indicate a serious safety concern associated with locally produced skin lightening creams in Aba and highlight the need for intensified market surveillance by NAFDAC. Keywords: skin lightening creams, heavy metals, mercury, pH, Aba.