📖 ABSTRACT/OVERVIEW
Background: Cardiovascular complications represent the leading cause of mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus globally. Endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness precede overt cardiovascular disease and are measurable surrogate endpoints. Analytical data characterising these vascular physiological indices in Nigerian diabetic populations remain limited, particularly outside Lagos. Objectives: This study aims to compare flow-mediated dilation as a measure of endothelial function and pulse wave velocity as an index of arterial stiffness between adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Methods: Fifty type 2 diabetic adults and fifty age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched normoglycaemic controls will be recruited. Flow-mediated dilation will be assessed using high-resolution Doppler ultrasound following reactive hyperaemia. Pulse wave velocity will be measured non-invasively using a validated applanation tonometry system. Glycated haemoglobin, fasting glucose, lipid profile, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein will be assayed. Multiple regression analysis will identify independent determinants of vascular dysfunction. Expected Outcomes: Diabetic participants are anticipated to demonstrate significantly reduced flow-mediated dilation and elevated pulse wave velocity, with glycated haemoglobin and disease duration as the strongest independent predictors. Conclusion: Findings will contribute analytical vascular physiology data to guide early cardiovascular risk stratification in Nigerian diabetic patients. Keywords: endothelial function, arterial stiffness, type 2 diabetes, flow-mediated dilation, Ibadan.
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