Evaluation of Over-the-Counter Pain Reliever Use and Misuse Among Market Traders in Aba, Abia State, South East Nigeria

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol-containing products are among the most widely sold over-the-counter analgesics in Nigerian markets. Misuse of these agents, particularly in hard-working populations such as market traders, can lead to serious adverse effects including gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hepatotoxicity, and renal impairment. This study evaluated the pattern, frequency, and misuse of over-the-counter analgesics among traders in Aba Main Market, Abia State, South East Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 380 market traders selected through cluster random sampling. The questionnaire assessed types of analgesics used, dosing frequency, adherence to labeling instructions, and reasons for use. Over 70 percent of respondents reported regular analgesic use for musculoskeletal pain related to occupational demands. Ibuprofen and diclofenac were the most frequently used agents, with more than 40 percent of respondents taking doses exceeding recommended limits. Only 28 percent read medicine labels before use, and fewer than 15 percent sought pharmaceutical advice before purchasing analgesics. Long-duration use of more than seven consecutive days was reported by 33 percent of respondents. These findings indicate substantial misuse of over-the-counter analgesics and highlight the need for pharmacist-led community education at point-of-sale and in marketplace settings. Regulatory reinforcement of responsible sales by patent medicine vendors is also recommended. Keywords: over-the-counter analgesics, market traders, Aba, drug misuse, NSAID safety