Assessment of Diabetic Foot Care Knowledge Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at Specialist Hospitals in Katsina State, North West Nigeria

Diabetic foot complications are a major cause of limb amputation and prolonged hospitalization in Nigeria, and effective foot care education is a critical preventive strategy. This study assessed knowledge and practices of diabetic foot care among type 2 diabetic patients attending specialist hospitals in Katsina State, North West Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using structured questionnaires among 250 patients with confirmed type 2 diabetes attending the diabetic outpatient clinic of two specialist hospitals in the state. The instrument covered foot inspection practices, footwear choices, callus management, and recognition of early warning signs. Findings revealed that only 44 percent of respondents performed daily foot inspections, and only 19 percent owned and consistently used appropriate diabetic footwear. Callus cutting at home with sharp objects was practiced by 23 percent. Knowledge of peripheral neuropathy as a diabetic complication was present in only 31 percent. Patients who received pharmacist-delivered diabetic education sessions showed significantly better foot care knowledge and practices. Duration of diabetes was positively correlated with awareness levels, suggesting accumulation of experience-based knowledge over time. The study recommends that diabetic foot care education be formally embedded in diabetic clinic protocols with active pharmacist participation. Development of foot care education materials in Hausa is recommended for improved reach in Katsina communities. Keywords: diabetic foot care, type 2 diabetes, Katsina State, patient education, complication prevention