Empirical Study of the Contribution of Artisan Skills Gaps to Construction Quality Defects in Residential Buildings in Kano State

Artisanal skills gaps are widely perceived as a major contributor to construction quality defects in Nigerian residential buildings, yet the direct empirical relationship between measurable skill levels and defect rates has not been established for Kano State. This study empirically investigated the relationship between artisan skills levels and construction quality defect rates for three trades (masonry, carpentry, and electrical) in 60 residential buildings under construction in Kano State. Artisan skills were assessed using practical skills tests developed from competency frameworks adapted from the Industrial Training Fund trade testing standards. Defects were documented through systematic inspection of completed work at each building at the point of practical completion. Regression analysis assessed the relationship between artisan skill scores and defect density per unit of completed work. Results showed a significant negative relationship between artisan masonry skill scores and wall crack defect density (r = -0.61, p < 0.001) and mortar joint quality defects (r = -0.53, p < 0.01). Electrical trade skills scores were significantly negatively correlated with wiring and installation defect density (r = -0.58, p < 0.001). Mean artisan practical skills test scores were below 50% of maximum in all three trades, confirming significant sector-wide skill deficits. Artisans with Industrial Training Fund trade certificates scored 34% higher on practical tests than those without. The study concludes that artisan skill gaps are a direct and quantifiable contributor to construction defect rates in Kano State residential buildings, and recommends expanded Industrial Training Fund trade testing coverage in North West Nigeria. Keywords: artisan skills, construction quality, residential buildings, Kano State, Industrial Training Fund