Empirical Investigation of the Effectiveness of Community-Based Water Supply Management in Rural Katsina State

Community-based management of rural water supply systems is the dominant model in rural Katsina State, North West Nigeria, yet empirical evidence on the factors that determine long-term functionality and equitable service delivery under this model is limited in the existing literature. This study empirically investigates the effectiveness of community-based water supply management across 40 rural water supply schemes in Katsina State. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, assessing scheme functionality, water quality, financial sustainability, governance quality, and user satisfaction. Scheme functionality was assessed through physical inspection. Financial data were compiled from community water committee records. Governance quality was assessed using a validated 20-item governance index. User satisfaction was measured through structured household interviews in 200 households across the schemes. Logistic regression and ordinary least squares regression identified predictors of functionality and user satisfaction. Results indicate that 47 percent of schemes are fully functional, 28 percent partially functional, and 25 percent non-functional. Governance index score (beta = 0.52, p < 0.001) and adequacy of maintenance fund (beta = 0.43, p < 0.001) are the strongest functionality predictors. User satisfaction is primarily predicted by water quality perception and supply hours per day. Schemes with Women's participation in leadership roles above 40 percent show 35 percent higher functionality rates. The study recommends government support for governance training and gender-inclusive leadership in rural water management committees. Keywords: community water management, rural water supply, scheme functionality, Katsina State, North West Nigeria