Assessment of Knowledge and Preventive Practices for Lassa Fever Among Community Members in Edo State

Lassa fever is endemic in several states in southern and south-central Nigeria, and community knowledge deficits and inadequate preventive practices contribute to the ongoing transmission of this viral haemorrhagic fever. This study assessed Lassa fever knowledge and preventive practices among community members in Etsako West LGA, Edo State, South South Nigeria, an area historically affected by Lassa fever outbreaks. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 280 adult household heads selected through systematic random sampling. A structured questionnaire assessed knowledge of Lassa fever transmission (via Mastomys rats), clinical symptoms, case reporting procedures, and household preventive measures including food storage, rodent control, and proper waste management. Results showed adequate Lassa fever knowledge in 51.8 percent of respondents. Transmission via rat contact or contaminated food was correctly identified by 63.2 percent. Rodent-proof food storage was practised by only 43.6 percent of households. Knowledge of case reporting obligations to health facilities was adequate in only 37.9 percent. Respondents from communities that had experienced previous Lassa fever cases had significantly higher knowledge scores (p < 0.001). Education level (p < 0.001) and exposure to community health worker visits (p < 0.01) were positive predictors. The study recommends sustained Lassa fever health education campaigns, rodent control support for at-risk communities, and strengthening of community case notification systems in endemic Edo State LGAs. Keywords: Lassa fever, knowledge, preventive practices, community, Edo State