Developing a Precision Agriculture Application Framework for Rice Production in the Niger River Valley

Precision agriculture technologies that optimise site-specific input application have significant potential for improving resource use efficiency and reducing production costs in Nigerian rice farming systems, but their application frameworks require adaptation to the specific field conditions, technological access, and farmer capacity of the Niger River Valley. This study developed a precision agriculture application framework for rice production in the Jebba Lake and Lavun irrigation areas, Niger State, North Central Nigeria. A professional framework development methodology was employed, drawing on spatial variability analysis of soil fertility across 40 farmer fields using grid soil sampling, drone-based canopy NDVI mapping conducted at two sites, assessment of available precision technology options within the cost constraints of the target farming community, and structured consultations with 12 precision agriculture and irrigation rice agronomists. Spatial analysis confirmed significant within-field variability in soil nitrogen (CV = 41 percent) and phosphorus (CV = 38 percent), justifying variable-rate application over uniform fertilisation. The framework developed specifies drone-assisted field mapping protocols, variable-rate fertiliser application using GPS-guided spreader attachments compatible with tractor-based operations, mobile soil testing kit integration for seasonal update, and a farmer capacity development component delivered through the River State ADP. Expert review by eight precision agriculture and irrigation specialists confirmed the framework's operational feasibility for the study context. The study recommends a 2-year pilot implementation supported by NEXTT-funded precision agriculture project components.

Keywords: precision agriculture, rice production, Niger River Valley, variable-rate application, soil spatial variability